Pipeline Politics: The Clash Between Alberta and British Columbia's Energy Ambitions

Mon Nov 17 2025 13:07:07 GMT+0200 (Eastern European Standard Time)

As Alberta seeks an oil pipeline through British Columbia to boost exports to Asia, tensions escalate between regional leaders amidst environmental concerns and economic aspirations.

Alberta's Premier Danielle Smith proposes a new pipeline to the Pacific Ocean for oil exports, clashing with British Columbia's Premier David Eby, who dismisses the plan as unrealistic. The dispute highlights deeper issues as Canada aims to shift its energy export focus away from the US. Amidst competing economic interests and a commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, both leaders express strong opposing views that underscore the ongoing tensions in Canada's energy landscape.

As Canada looks to untangle itself economically from the US, the country's landlocked oil patch is eyeing new customers in Asia through a pipeline to the Pacific. Not everyone is on board.

The oil-rich province of Alberta has had one demand for Prime Minister Mark Carney: Help us build an oil pipeline — and fast.

It's no small task — in fact, some argue it has become near-impossible to build a pipeline in Canada because of laws designed to bolster environmental protections. Three oil pipelines have died on the vine in the past decade over fierce opposition.

But Alberta Premier Danielle Smith is not deterred.

Her conservative government has taken the unusual step of drafting its own proposal for a pipeline from the Alberta oil sands to British Columbia's northern Pacific coast, aimed at reaching Asian markets. Still in the early stages, Smith hopes that by doing the groundwork a private company will eventually take over and build it.

Neighbouring British Columbia, however, is firmly against it. Premier David Eby, with the left-leaning NDP, has dismissed Smith's plan as fictional and political, arguing no company wants the burden of taking it on. He also accused Smith of jeopardising his own province's ambitions to expand liquified natural gas (LNG) exports to Asia.

Smith in turn, has called him un-Canadian.

The feud between the Western provinces comes at a critical time. Canada is trying to wean itself off its economic dependence on the US amid President Donald Trump's tariffs, and Carney has signalled his desire to double non-US exports in the next decade.

That includes positioning Canada as a global energy superpower. Almost all of its energy exports, including crude oil, are currently sold to the US.

On Thursday, Carney unveiled new nation-building projects he says are key to Canada's growth. The list did not include a pipeline, but does include critical minerals mines and an LNG project in BC.

With Canada home to one of the world's largest oil reserves, Carney is now facing questions from Albertans over whether he can achieve his goals without first solving the internal rifts.

It is the perennial problem, said Heather Exner-Pirot, director of natural resources, energy and the environment at the MacDonald-Laurier Institute think tank, and who is based in Calgary, Alberta.

It is unfortunately the main wedge issue in Canadian politics it seems like, and trust me when I say no one in Alberta wishes that their oil was the wedge issue in this country.

Asked about the divides on Thursday, Carney said the federal government and the provinces need to talk to each other.

We need to see where we can cooperate and build things, and we need to acknowledge where we can't.

Separately, Carney has hinted that he wants to see another pipeline built: Keystone XL to the US. Sources have told the BBC that reviving the project was raised during the prime minister's last face-to-face meeting with Trump in October.

For Ms Exner-Pirot, the suggestion of Keystone XL may signal a resignation that the rift between BC and Alberta won't be resolved.

At the end of the day, it still looks like it's going to be easier to negotiate a new pipeline with the Americans than with British Columbia.

Carney has avoided siding with either province but has signalled his openness to a pipeline if Alberta can commit to also developing its carbon capture and storage programme. He said discussions are going well.

In a statement to the BBC, Smith's office said it is working to address Premier Eby's concerns. But it said it expects Carney's government to support their project.

We have to decide if we are going to operate like a country and trade with each other, tear down internal trade barriers and stop blocking each other's projects and opportunities to trade with the rest of the world, Smith's spokesperson, Sam Blackett, said in an email.

Asked about Alberta's new proposal, Enbridge spokesperson Gina Sutherland told the BBC that the federal government needs to improve its regulatory policies before any new large energy projects would be considered.

But indigenous sovereignty and environmental are still significant factors - Canada has pledged to halving its greenhouse emissions by 2035. The country has seen the impact of climate change firsthand, including a recent string of its worst wildfire seasons on record.

Keith Brooks, director of programmes at Environmental Defence Canada, said he believes any move towards a new pipeline would be met with a backlash.

We would condemn it quite loudly, Mr Brooks said predicting legal challenges from First Nations communities along its route, as well as protests.

The opposition appears to already be taking shape. Our communities will not be collateral for private profit, said Chief Na'Moks of the Wet'suwet'en First Nation in northwest BC, who was among a group of indigenous leaders who had gathered to protest the prime minister's Thursday announcement.

This is colonial violence masked as 'economic development,' and the world is watching.